Oosonzululwazi bafumana ubungqina be-187 ye-taxonomic orders kwiilitha ezingama-20 zamanzi eziqokelelwe kwenye yezona ndawo zinzima emhlabeni.
Iqela lezenzululwazi ezikhokelwa yi-Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) kunye neYunivesithi yase-Appalachian State baye basebenzisa i-DNA yendalo (i-eDNA) ukubhala i-alpine biodiversity yentaba ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni, i-29,032-foot (8,849 yeemitha) ububanzi beNtaba ye-Everest. Lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo uyinxalenye ye-2019 National Geographic kunye neRolex Perpetual Planet Everest Expedition, olona hambo lukhulu kwezenzululwazi lwe-Everest.
Ukubhala malunga neziphumo zabo kwijenali iScience, iqela liqokelele i-eDNA kwiisampuli zamanzi ukusuka kumachibi alishumi kunye nemilambo kubunzulu ukusuka kwi-14,763 inyawo (4,500 yeemitha) ukuya kwi-18,044 iimitha (5,500 yeemitha) kwiiveki ezine. Ezi sayithi ziquka iindawo zamabhanti ealpine akhoyo ngaphezu komgca womthi kwaye aqulethe uluhlu lwezityalo ezidubulayo kunye neentlobo zezihlahla, kunye namabhanti e-aeolian adlulela ngaphaya kwezityalo ezidubulayo kunye namatyholo phezulu kwi-biosphere. Bachonge izinto eziphilayo ezikwi-odolo ye-taxonomic engama-187 kwiilitha nje ezingama-20 zamanzi, okulingana ne-16.3%, okanye isinye kwisithandathu, yenani lilonke leeodolo ezaziwayo kuMthi woBomi, umthi wosapho wezinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukeneyo.
I-eDNA ikhangela izixa zomkhondo wemathiriyeli yemfuza eshiywe ngasemva zizinto eziphilayo kunye nezilwanyana zasendle kwaye ibonelela ngendlela efikelelekayo, ekhawulezayo nebanzi ngakumbi yokuphucula amandla ophando okuvavanya ukuhlukahluka kwebhayoloji kwindawo ehlala emanzini. Iisampulu ziqokelelwa kusetyenziswa ibhokisi etywiniweyo enesihluzi esibambisa imathiriyeli yemfuza, ethi ke ihlalutywe elabhoratri kusetyenziswa i-DNA metabarcoding kunye nezinye iindlela zokulandelelana. I-WCS isebenzisa i-eDNA ukufumanisa iintlobo ezinqabileyo nezisemngciphekweni ukusuka kwiminenga ukuya kwi-Swinghoe softshell turtles, enye yeentlobo ezinqabileyo eMhlabeni.
Imephu yobushushu yolandelelwano ifundeka kwiibhaktheriya ezichongiweyo zaze zahlelwa ngokolandelelwano lwetaxonomic kusetyenziswa iSingleM kunye nedathabheyisi yeGreengenes kwisiza ngasinye.
Nangona uphando lwe-Everest lugxininise ekuchongeni izinga lomyalelo, iqela liye lakwazi ukuchonga izinto ezininzi eziphilayo ukuya kwi-genus okanye inqanaba leentlobo.
Ngokomzekelo, iqela lichonge i-rotifers kunye ne-tardigrades, izilwanyana ezincinci ezibini ezaziwa ngokukhula kwezinye zezona ndawo zinzima kwaye zigqithisekile kwaye zithathwa njengezinye zezilwanyana ezikwazi ukunyamezela ezaziwa emhlabeni. Ukongeza, bafumanisa intshontsho lekhephu laseTibetan elifunyenwe kwiPaki yeSizwe yaseSagarmatha kwaye bamangaliswa kukufumana iintlobo ezinjengezinja zasekhaya kunye neenkukhu ezimele impembelelo yemisebenzi yabantu kumhlaba.
Baye bafumana nemithi yompayina efumaneka kuphela kwiinduli ezikude kakhulu nalapho bathathe khona iisampulu, ebonisa indlela umungu ovuthuzwa ngumoya ohamba ngayo ukuya phezulu kula mathontsi amanzi. Esinye isidalwa abasifumana kwiindawo ezininzi yayiyi-mayfly, isalathisi esaziwayo sokutshintsha kwemekobume.
Uluhlu lwe-eDNA luya kunceda ukujongwa kwebhayoloji kwixesha elizayo kwii-Himalaya eziphakamileyo kunye nezifundo zemolekyuli ezibuyela emva ukuvavanya utshintsho ekuhambeni kwexesha njengoko ukufudumala okubangelwa yimozulu, ukunyibilika komkhenkce kunye neempembelelo zomntu zitshintsha le nkqubo iguquka ngokukhawuleza, idume kwihlabathi jikelele.
UGqr. Tracey Seimon weWCS Animal Health Programme, osebenzisana neqela le-Everest Biofield nomphandi ophambili, uthe: “Zininzi izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo eziphilayo. Imekobume yealpine, kubandakanywa iMount Everest, kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo njengephantsi koqwalaselo oluqhubekayo lwexesha elide lwezityalo nezilwanyana zealpine, ukongeza kuhlolo lwe-bioclimatic kunye novavanyo lwempembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu. ”
UGqr Marisa Lim weWildlife Conservation Society wathi: “Sangena eluphahleni lwehlabathi sikhangela ubomi. Nantsi into esiyifumeneyo. Noko ke, ibali alipheleli apho. ukunceda ukwazisa ubukrelekrele bexesha elizayo. "
Umalathisi oncedisana nophando lwasentsimini, umphandi weNational Geographic kunye noNjingalwazi oNxulumeneyo kwiYunivesithi yaseAppalachian State uGqr. Anton Simon wathi: “Kwinkulungwane edluleyo, xa wabuzwa ukuba, ‘Kutheni ndisiya e-Everest?’, umkhweli waseBritani uGeorge Mallory waphendula wathi, ‘Kungenxa yokuba yayilapho. Iqela lethu lika-2019 libe noluvo olwahluke kakhulu: siye eMount Everest kuba yayinolwazi kwaye inokusifundisa ngehlabathi esiphila kulo.
Ngokwenza le datha yedatha evulelekileyo ifumaneke kuluntu lophando, ababhali banethemba lokufaka isandla kumzamo oqhubekayo wokwakha izixhobo zemolekyuli ukufunda kunye nokulandelela utshintsho kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo kwezona ntaba ziphakamileyo zoMhlaba.
Inqaku elicatshulweyo: Lim et al., Ukusebenzisa i-DNA yokusingqongileyo ukuvavanya ukungafani kwezinto eziphilayo zoMthi woBomi kwicala elingasezantsi leMount Everest, iScience (2022) Marisa KV Lim, 1Anton Seimon, 2Batya Nightingale, 1Charles SI Xu, 3Stefan RP Holloy, 4Adam J. Solon, 5Nicholas B. Dragon, 5Steven K. Schmidt, 5Alex Tate, 6Sandra Alvin, 6Aurora K. Elmore, 6,7 kunye noTracey A. Simon1,8,
I-1 Wildlife Conservation Society, iNkqubo yeMpilo yeZoological, i-Bronx Zoo, i-Bronx, i-NY 10460, i-USA 2 IYunivesithi yase-Appalachian State, iSebe leJografi kunye noCwangciso, i-Boone, i-NC 28608, i-USA 3 iYunivesithi yaseMcGill, iSebe le-Redpath yeeMyuziyam kunye ne-Biology, eMontreal, H3A 0G4 , CanadaQ94 Department of Primary Industries, Wellington 6011, New Zealand 5 University of Colorado, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Boulder, CO 80309, USA 6 National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, 20036, USAQ107 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver- Spring, MD 20910, USA 8 INkokheli yoQhagamshelwano * Unxibelelwano
Injongo: I-WCS isindisa izilwanyana zasendle kunye nezilwanyana zasendle kwihlabathi jikelele ngenzululwazi, iinzame zolondolozo, imfundo kunye nokukhuthaza abantu ukuba bayixabise indalo. Ukuzalisekisa uthumo lwethu, iWCS izinze kuMyezo Wezilwanyana waseBronx, isebenzisa amandla apheleleyo enkqubo yayo yolondolozo yehlabathi, etyelelwa minyaka le ngabantu abazizigidi ezi-4 kumazwe aphantse abe ngama-60 nakuzo zonke iilwandlekazi zehlabathi, kwakunye neepaki ezintlanu zezilwanyana zasendle eNew. York. I-WCS idibanisa ubuchwephesha bayo kwimizi yogcino-zilwanyana kunye neendawo ezihlala emanzini ukuze ifezekise injongo yayo yolondolozo. Ndwendwela: newsroom.wcs.org Landela: @WCSNewsroom. Ngolunye ulwazi: 347-840-1242. Mamela WCS Wild Audio podcast apha.
Njengenkulumbuso yeziko likarhulumente kuMzantsi-mpuma, iYunivesithi yaseAppalachian State ilungiselela abafundi ukuba baphile ubomi obunentsingiselo njengabemi behlabathi abaqondayo nabathatha uxanduva lokudala ikamva elizinzileyo kubo bonke. Amava e-Appalachian akhuthaza umoya wokubandakanywa ngokudibanisa abantu ngeendlela ezikhuthazayo zokufumana nokudala ulwazi, ukukhula ngokupheleleyo, ukwenza ngenzondelelo nokuzimisela, kunye nokwamkela iyantlukwano kunye nomahluko. I-Appalachians, ehlala kwiiNtaba zeBlue Ridge, yenye yeekhampasi ze-17 kwinkqubo yeYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina. Ngabafundi abaphantse babe ngama-21,000, iYunivesithi yaseAppalachian inomlinganiselo ophantsi wabafundi kunye nokubonelela ngeeprogram ezingaphezu kwe-150 zesidanga sokuqala kunye nesidanga.
Intsebenziswano yeNational Geographic kunye noRolex ixhasa uhambo lokujonga ezona ndawo zibalulekileyo emhlabeni. Ukusebenzisa ubuchule bezenzululwazi abaziwayo kwihlabathi kunye nobuchwepheshe bokusika ukutyhila ulwazi olutsha kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo kubomi eMhlabeni, olu hambo lunceda izazinzulu, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni lucwangcise kwaye lufumane izisombululo kwiimpembelelo zemozulu kunye nemozulu. Imo engqongileyo iyatshintsha, ixela izinto ezimangalisayo zehlabathi lethu ngamabali anamandla.
Phantse inkulungwane, u-Rolex uye waxhasa abahloli bamazwe abangoovulindlela abafuna ukutyhalela phambili imida yokwenzeka komntu. Inkampani iye yasuka ekukhuthazeni uphando ukuze kufunyanwe ukukhusela iplanethi ngokuzibophelela ixesha elide ekuxhaseni abantu kunye nemibutho esebenzisa isayensi ukuqonda nokuphuhlisa izisombululo kwiingxaki zanamhlanje zokusingqongileyo.
Olu thethathethwano lomelezwa ngokuphehlelelwa kweForever Planet ngo-2019, ebiqale yajolisa kubantu abanegalelo kwihlabathi elingcono ngeeMbasa zeRolex zeShishini, ukukhusela iilwandle ngokusebenzisana neMission Blue, kunye nokwenza utshintsho lwemozulu lube yinyani. iqondwe njengenxalenye yobudlelwane bayo neNational Geographic Society.
Ipotfoliyo eyandisiweyo yolunye ubambiswano olwamkelwa phantsi kwenyathelo lePerpetual Planet ngoku lubandakanya: uhambo oluphuma kwincam yomhlaba olutyhala imida yokuhlola ngaphantsi kwamanzi; I-One Ocean Foundation kunye ne-Menkab ekhusela i-biodiversity ye-cetacean kwi-Meditera; I-Xunaan-Ha Expedition ityhila umgangatho wamanzi eYucatan, eMexico; I-BIG expedition kwi-Arctic kwi-2023 ukuqokelela idatha kwiisongelo ze-Arctic; Hearts In The Ice, kwakhona ukuqokelela ulwazi malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu kwi-Arctic; kunye neMonaco Blue Initiative, edibanisa iingcali kwizisombululo zolondolozo lwaselwandle.
U-Rolex ukwaxhasa imibutho kunye namalinge okukhulisa isizukulwana esilandelayo sabakhenkethi, izazinzulu kunye nabalondolozi bendalo ngokusebenzisa i-scholarship kunye nezibonelelo ezifana ne-World Underwater Scholarship Association kunye ne-Rolex Explorers Club Grant.
I-National Geographic Society ngumbutho wehlabathi ongenzi nzuzo osebenzisa amandla enzululwazi, uphando, imfundo, kunye nokubalisa amabali ukukhanyisa nokukhusela imimangaliso yehlabathi lethu. Ukusukela ngo-1888, iNational Geographic iye yatyhala imida yophando, ityala imali kwitalente ekhaliphileyo kunye neengcinga zotshintsho, ibonelela ngaphezu kwe-15,000 yezibonelelo zengqesho kumazwekazi asixhenxe, ifikelela kwi-3 yezigidi zabafundi ngonyaka ngeminikelo yemfundo, kwaye ithatha ingqalelo yehlabathi jikelele ngokutyikitya. , amabali kunye nomxholo. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi, ndwendwela www.nationalgeographic.org okanye usilandele ku-Instagram, Twitter kunye noFacebook.
Injongo: I-WCS isindisa izilwanyana zasendle kunye nezilwanyana zasendle kwihlabathi jikelele ngenzululwazi, iinzame zolondolozo, imfundo kunye nokukhuthaza abantu ukuba bayixabise indalo. Ngokusekwe kuMyezo wezilwanyana waseBronx, iWCS isebenzisa amandla apheleleyo enkqubo yayo yolondolozo lwehlabathi ukuzalisekisa uthumo lwayo, nabatyeleli abazizigidi ezi-4 ngonyaka kumazwe aphantse abe ngama-60 nakuzo zonke iilwandlekazi zehlabathi, kwakunye neepaki zezilwanyana zasendle ezintlanu kwisiXeko saseNew York. I-WCS idibanisa ubuchule bayo kwimizi yogcino-zilwanyana kunye neendawo ezihlala emanzini ukuze ifezekise injongo yayo yolondolozo. Ndwendwela kwigumbi leendaba.wcs.org. Bhalisa: @WCSNewsroom. Ulwazi olongezelelweyo: +1 (347) 840-1242.
Umseki we-SpaceRef, ilungu le-Explorer Club, owayesakuba yi-NASA, iqela elityelelayo, intatheli, indawo kunye ne-astrobiologist, ayiphumelelanga ukunyuka.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-10-2022